What term describes techniques such as DNA analysis and ballistics in criminal investigations?

Forensic science encompasses a range of techniques used to analyze physical evidence in criminal investigations. This field includes specialized methods such as DNA analysis, which allows investigators to match biological samples from a crime scene to potential suspects, and ballistics, which involves the examination of firearms and ammunition to determine the trajectory of a bullet or identify weapons used in a crime. Forensic science applies scientific principles and methodologies to aid in the detection, investigation, and prosecution of criminal activities.

The other terms listed refer to distinct aspects of investigations. Interviewing involves gathering information from witnesses or suspects, documentation refers to the recording and maintaining of evidence and case details, and surveillance relates to monitoring individuals to gather information or observe their activities. While each of these plays a vital role in criminal investigations, none encompass the scientific analysis aspect that forensic science does.